Method for producing sub-aqueous and other cast-in-place concrete structures in situ

ABSTRACT

Method for repairing or forming structural bodies of selfhardening fluid cement mortar, in a sub-aqueous or other situs, utilizing body-forming cavity including body-shaping walls of porous fabric in combination with openwork matrix means. Fluid mortar or like cementitious material pumped into cavity to fill same and expand fabric walls against tensional restraint of fixedly maintained matrix means. Pressure of fluid material continued against restraint of matrix means until small proportions of fluid material oozes into the porous fabric, and indicates attainment of lowered water-cement ratio in formed body, and then fluid material is allowed to set and harden in said given formed shape. Some, if not all, forms of the invention are particularly useful for under-water installations, such as breakwaters because forming matrices thereof are capable of withstanding rough seas or storm waves without damage during the construction processes, and because the fluid cement mortar pumping operations are possible in minimum of time when rough water conditions subside.

United States Patent 1 Turzillo [451 Apr. 10, 1973 [76] Inventor: Lee A. Turzillo, 2078 Glengary,

Road, Akron, Ohio 44313 22 Filed: Jan. 2, 1970 [21] Appl. No.: 44

Related US. Application Data [63] Continuation-in-part of Ser. No. 647,026, June 19,

1967, abandoned.

[56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 3,345,824 10/1967 Turzillo ..61/35 3,396,545 8/1968 Lamberton..... ....6l/45 X 3,397,260 8/1969 Lamberton ..264/31 X Waite r Leoel Primary ExaminerRobert F. White Assistant Examiner-J. H. Silbaugh Att0rneyWilliam Cleland [5 7] ABSTRACT Method for repairing or forming structural bodies of self-hardening fluid cement mortar, in a sub-aqueous or other situs, utilizing body-forming cavity including body-shaping walls of porous fabric in combination with openwork matrix means. Fluid mortar or like cementitious material pumped into cavity to fill same and expand fabric walls against tensional restraint of fixedly maintained matrix means. Pressure of fluid material continued against restraint of matrix means until small proportions of fluid material oozes into the porous fabric, and indicates attainment of lowered water-cement ratio in formed body, and then fluid material is allowed to set and harden in said given formed shape.

Some, if not all, forms of the invention are particularly useful for under-water installations, such as breakwaters because forming matrices thereof are capable of withstanding rough seas or storm waves without damage during the construction processes, and because the fluid cement mortar pumping operations are possible in minimum of time when rough water conditions subside.

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SHL EI 1.5EF15 FIGA INVENTOR. Lee A. Turzmo BYLL At form *4 METHOD FOR PRODUCING SUB-AQUEOUS AND OTHER CAST-IN-PLACE CONCRETE STRUCTURES IN SITU This application is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 647,026, filed June 19, 1967. and now abandoned.

BACKGROUND OF INVENTION In the past, concrete columns, bridge uprights, walls and the like, have been formed in situ by erecting complicated concrete-confining frameworks or forms, as by nailing or bolting wood or metal sheeting and/or boards onto vertical wooden posts or two-by-fours or wales, which sometimes required additional angular bracing means. Such frameworks were expensive to provide because of the high material and labor costs. Moreover, due to the closed nature of such wood and metal frameworks, the work of filling the framework with fluid concrete could not be visually observed, and hence the results were not apparent until the frameworks were removed. In addition, it was paritcularly difficult, if not impossible, in some instances to utilize wood and metal sheeting sub-aqueously.

SUMMARY OF INVENTION This invention relates to grouting and concreting in situ, and in particular relates to improved methods for making and/or repairing structural bodies in a situs without use of expensive temporary forms, or expensive labor and equipment to erect the same. For reasons to be described later, the improved methods have been found to have particularly advantageous utility for producing walled structures of varying sizes and shapes, such as breakwaters, cofferdams, sheet-piling, and the like, under conditions which rendered prior methods unfeasible or impractical. In several forms of the invention, the improved method generally comprises the steps of erecting or providing in situ a fixed matrix means at least portions of which include heavy, openwork wire mesh material so relatively fixedly constituted that the matrix means will remain substantially immovable against heavy pressure; pumping hydraulic cement mortar or grout, under pressure, into porous walled bag means, so that bag walls positioned adjacent the matrix are expanded against the backing of the fixedly maintained wire mesh matrix and further distended into the meshes of the matrix until a small fraction of flowable grout from within the bag means oozes through the porous walls; and thereafter allowing the flowable mortar or grout within the porous bag means to solidify in pressure contact with the opposing portions of the matrix means.

The invention takes several forms. The form of invention shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 utilizes a cylindrical wire matrix maintained affixed between the bottom of a wall or column and a supportive surface prepared in the earth below the wall or column, and a closed porous bag is suitably retained within the fixed matrix. When the concrete becomes sufficiently hardened the matrix may be removed (see FIG. 3). FIGS. 4 to 7, and 35 to 36 show methods for repairing concrete or wood piling or posts which have been eaten away by water erosion, or by known types of worms, for example. This method is as described for FIGS. 1 to 3, except that a tubular wire mesh matrix and tubular bag means or sleeves are affixed to the damaged pile as shown in FIG. 4, and

mortar or grout is pumped in as before to produce the sturdy repair structure shown in FIGS. 6 and 7.

Another important form of invention, shown in FIGS. 8 to 12, employs a more elaborate matrix (single and/or double) of square-woven mesh wire, held rigidly affixed to resist opposing bag pressure, by means of uprights or heavy duty pipes and suitable tie wires or other tension-restraining means. This method is designed to produce more elaborate, dense concrete structures of various shapes, such as walls, cofferdams, and the like, without requiring the usual elaborate and expensive forms of sheet-piling, constructed above or below water level.

FIGS. 13 to 24, and 35 to 38 show further modifications of the invention employing the basic features of the porous fabric bag or container means as before, but using open-topped bag means of any size or capacity, enclosed within fixedly maintained wire mesh matrix means.

FIGS. 24 to 34 are representative of further modifications of the invention, utilizing the openwork matrix invention, but with a very important difference in that the porous fabric bag means, whole taking the form of open-topped bags or containers of any size, shape, or extent, are supported by fixedly maintained openwork matrix means within the bag means and connected to the bag walls in a manner which controls the expanded shape of the body formed by the bag means.

FIGS. 39 to 49 show further use of the openwork, bag shaping matrix idea for applying a concrete wall about an existing metal or concrete pipe.

A general object of the present invention is to provide improved economical methods and means for making concrete bodies of given size and shape in a subaqueous or other situs by which the progress and results of the method may be visibly observed at all times, and controlled accordingly.

Other objects of the invention will be manifest from the following brief description and the accompanying drawings.

Of the accompanying drawings:

FIG. 1 is a vertical cross-section, partly broken away, through an under-water excavation in an earth situs, and an existing concrete wall or other like structure, illustrating a preliminary step in the method of providing a concrete supporting column between the bottom of the existing structure and the earth at the bottom of the cavity formed in the situs, for repairing or reinforcing the support for the existing structure.

FIG. 2 is an enlarged view corresponding to FIG. 1, partly broken away and in section, and showing completion of the reinforcing column made by the improved concreting method.

FIG. 3 is a view corresponding to FIG. 2, illustrating the completed concrete reinforcing column after removal of a wire-mesh matrix from the same.

FIG. 4 is a view corresponding to FIG. 1, on the same scale, illustrating a modified form of the method invention utilized to repair an existing bridge or like supporting column which has been damaged by erosion or by being otherwise partially eaten away.

FIG. 5 is an enlarged horizontal cross-section taken substantially on line 5,5 of FIG. 4.

FIG. 6 is an enlarged fragmentary vertical cross-section of the structure shown in FIG. 3, but illustrating the completed column made by the improved method with use of the matrix and bag means illustrated in FIGS. 4 and 5.

FIG. 7 is a further enlarged fragmentary cross-section taken substantially on the line 7,7 of FIG. 6.

FIG. 8 is a top plan view illustrating installation of mesh wire matrix means in a situs for utilizing the method of the invention to build a concrete wall structure, as for use as a vehicle oil draining pit, or a cofferdarn.

FIG. 9 is an enlarged front elevation of a portion of FIG. 8, partly broken away, and illustrating the wall structure in completed condition but with the wallforming matrix means retained in place.

FIG. 10 is a fragmentary front elevation of the wall as shown in FIG. 9, but with the matrix means removed.

FIG. 11 is a vertical cross-section, partly broken away, taken substantially on the line 11,11 of FIG. 10, on the same scale, and illustrating provision of built-in anchoring means for a portion of the wall structure.

FIG. 12 is a fragmentary view corresponding to a portion of FIG. 10, partly broken and in section, illus trating another adaptation of the method invention for building a walled enclosure next to an existing wall.

FIG. 13 is a vertical cross-section through an earth situs along an eroded bank of a lake or other body of water, and illustrating installation of a double-walled wire-mesh matrix for use in a modified method and means for use in another modification of the invention for under-water construction of a concrete breakwater.

FIG. 14 is a top plan view, on an enlarged scale, taken substantially on the line 14,14 of FIG. 13, and partly broken away.

FIG. 15 is a vertical cross-section taken substantially on the line 15,15 of FIG. 14, illustrating a further step in the method in which an open-topped openwork fabric container is suspended within the double-walled matrix.

FIG. 16 is a view corresponding to FIG. 15, after pumping the fabric container with fluid mortar to expand the bag walls against the walls of the matrix.

FIG. 17 is a view corresponding to FIG. 16, after removal of the matrix means from the formed and hardened concrete breakwater structure.

FIG. 18 is a top plan view of FIG. 17.

FIGS. 19 and 20 are views corresponding to FIGS. 16 and 17 respectively, illustrating use of the same method for forming pipelike structures.

FIGS. 21 to 23 are views corresponding generally to FIGS. 15 to 17, illustrating use of the same opentopped bag method for forming a solid concrete upright or post.

FIG. 24 is a top plan view of FIG. 21, but illustrating the matrix as being of squared or rectangular cross-section, and having corner tie-wires for retaining the squared shape of the matrix under expansion pressure of the bag.

FIG. 25 is a front elevation, partly broken away and corresponding generally to FIG. 8, of a modified form of matrix and bag means supported thereby in an earth excavation along a shore-line, for constructing a concrete retaining wall without use of temporary wood panels and walls.

FIG. 26 is a vertical cross-section taken substantially on the line 26,26 of FIG. 25.

FIGS. 27 and 28 are views corresponding to FIGS. 25 and 26, respectively, illustrating completion of the modified method to produce a concrete wall structure of given shape and size.

FIG. 29 is a fragmentary horizontal cross-section through an earth situs, showing two stages of a procedure for forming cast-in-place sheet piling in situ between anchored spaced soldier beams, and utilizinga variation of the method shown in FIGS. 25 to 28.

FIG. 30 is a fragmentary front elevation, partly broken away and in section, of the sheet-piling, substantially as viewed on the line 30,30 in FIG. 29.

FIG. 31 is an enlarged fragmentary cross-section, taken substantially on the line 31,31 of FIG. 30, illustrating two stages in the modified method for producing curvate sheet-piling.

FIG. 32 is a fragmentary vertical cross-section corresponding in part to FIG. 29, illustrating the same method as used for making curvate sheet-piling, but for producing an arched concrete culvert wall on a reinforced concrete slab.

FIGS. 33 and 34, respectively, are enlarged fragmentary views corresponding to the left-hand portion of FIG. 32, illustrating the forming means and the finished concrete structure formed thereby, respectively.

FIG. 4a is a fragmentary view corresponding to the lower portion of FIG. 4, but greatly enlarged and broken away to show more clearly the manner of affixing the bag means and matrix means to the existing structure.

FIG. 35 is a view corresponding to FIG. 4, but greatly enlarged and partly in cross-section, and showing how the FIG. 4 forming means is shaped and arranged for producing a different enlarged repair section of circular cross-section.

FIG. 36 corresponds to FIG. 6, but shows the bulbous concrete repair section formed by the forming means of FIG. 35.

FIG. 37 is a view corresponding to FIG. 4, but illustrating a different type of matrix means utilized to produce a bulbous repair of square or rectangular cross-section on an existing structure of similar crosssection.

FIG. 38 is a view corresponding to the upper part of FIG. 37, but partly broken away and in section, to show the bulbous shape formed by the method described for FIGS. 4 to 7, and FIGS. 35 and 36.

FIG. 39 is a side elevation, partly broken away and in cross-section to illustrate a modified method and means for forming a cast-in-place concrete repair section of any given length and thickness on a large pipe in situ.

FIG. 40 is a vertical cross-section taken substantially on the line 40,40 of FIG. 39.

FIG. 41 is a fragmentary cross-section corresponding to a portion of FIG. 40, after hardenable cement mortar has been pumped into the cavity defined by the matrix-restrained structure forming bag or container wall.

FIG. 42 is a fragmentary cross-section of the upper left-hand portion of FIG. 39, but in the same structural condition as indicated in FIG. 41.

FIG. 43 is a view like FIG. 42, but showing the bag wall restrained to given limit by a cylindrical length of mesh material connected to fixed matrix means by tie elements.

FIGS. 44 and 45, 46 and 47, and 48 and 49 are three groups of two fragmentary cross-sections, each corresponding to portions of FIGS. 39 and 40, illustrating further modified methods and means for repairing pipes in situ.

FIG. 50 shows a modification of the formed structure shown in FIG. 41.

Referring to FIGS. 1, 2, and 3, in general, and to FIG. 1 in particular, there is illustrated a typical below ground and water level condition in which a dam, bridge upright, wall or other concrete structure W supported on or in an earth situs has been seriously damaged by water erosion, and requires supporting reinforcement. FIG. 1 shows a cavity made in the earth situs E to expose a substantial area of the bottom surface 16 of the existing wall W in vertically spaced relation to a suitably firmed floor F at the bottom of the cavity, and FIG. 3 shows a concrete column 17 solidly installed, by one form of the method of the invention, between an excavated earth floor F and the exposed bottom 16 of wall W for reinforcingthe support of the latter.

Referring to FIG. 1, in particular, the method of the invention includes provision of an elongated tubular matrix 18 of openwork sheet material, and of approximately the required cross-sectional size or girth of the required reinforcing column 17 to be formed in situ (see FIG. 3). The matrix may, for purposes to be described later, be provided by rolling and/or bending a sheet of strong, heavy guage, square mesh, wire fence material and fastening overlapped edges together with tie wires, tensionally to resist outward expansion of the matrix in known manner.

The formed matrix 18, with a closed, elongated bag 19 of predetermined size and shape made of burlap or other porous-walled flexible fabric contained therein, is securely affixed or maintained in vertical upright condition between the bottom face 16 of wall W and the earth floor F (see FIG. 1). The two ends of the matrix may be rigidly affixed or tensionally restrained against outward expansion of the mesh material, as by means of stakes or spikes 20,20 or other means in the wall W and the earth floor F. In the situation where the matrix is of tubular shape, for forming a concrete post 17, of generally cylindrical shape, for example, the openwork material and/or construction can be designed so that the matrix can stand upright without spikes or other fastening means. In other words, the wire frame 17 can be self-supporting on a surface tensionally to resist outward expansion forces from within, equally in all radial direction without being anchored.

The bag 19 initially may be loosely supported in vertically 'extended condition within the fixedly maintained matrix, as shown in FIG. 1, as by means of short tie wires 21,21 extended through the bag Wall and twisted about wire portions of the matrix (FIG. 1), or

other wise as described. A suitable mesh size for the matrix 18 would be on the order of 4 or 5 inches square, as an example, but could vary considerably depending on the size of the column to be produced and the guage of wire used in the matrix (see FIG. 2). Fabric material suitable for the bag means may be of various woven types having a substantial range of requisite mesh sizes for allowing fluid grout to pass therethrough to a limited degree, as necessary for purposes to be described later.

With the matrix affixed or otherwise firmly maintained as described, and as shown in FIG. 1, pressurized fluid cement grout or mortar from a source not shown is pumped into the bag 19 through suitable conduit means 19a, to expand the porous bag walls in all directions against the inwardly confining tensional restraint of the tubular matrix 18, the wall surface 16, and the earth floor F, and is further expanded against the resistance of the criss-crossed wires of the matrix until the corresponding portions of the bag walls are distended and bulged outwardly through the square meshes of the matrix. As all this may be clearly visible to workmen practicing the method, they are able to observe when the column is fully formed substantially as shown in FIG. 2, and to continue grout-pumping operations until a relatively small fraction of grout within the bag oozes out through the porous walls thereof to form a protective layering or coating of oozed-out grout over the surfaces of the expanded bag 19, according to the grout pressure applied. Oozed-out grout at the upper and lower ends of the bag serve to bond said ends of the formed body to wall W and earth floor F, respectively, upon solidification of the grout in known manner, as shown in FIG. 2.

Upon such solidification of the concrete column 17, the entire wire mesh matrix 18 easily may be removed from the column, as shown in FIG. 3, to expose a uniform pattern of outwardly protruding concrete portions 17a, 17a, formed by distension of the porous bag walls in the manner described above. If desired or necessary, the cavity E may be filled in around the completed column 17 with earth or other filler material.

Referring to FIGS. 4 to 7 and 4a, there is illustrated a modification of the method invention described in connection with FIGS. 1 to 3, for repairing a concrete column or pile 23, of a pier, or a bridge, for example, which has been partly eroded away and seriously weakened at 24, as by action of water over a long period of time.

In this instance, as shown in FIG. 4, burlap or other porous fabric is suitably assembled and stitched to have requisite tubular shape about the damaged section of the column, and the ends of the formed sleeve-like bag means are anchored to said upper and lower undamaged portions 23a and 23b of the column, as by means of wire windings 25,25 in a manner to seal the bag ends against outward passage of pressurized grout in a subsequent grout pumping step of the method.

Next, an elongated square-mesh, woven wire matrix 26 is suitably anchored to the column or pile portions 23a and 23b, as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, as by wire windings 27,27 about said portions. If desired, especially if the column 23 is of square cross-section, the matrix 26 may be formed as two channel-shaped sections suitably joined and wired, or otherwise secured together, to restrict or tensionally restrain outward expansion of the sleeve-like bag walls, as before.

Fluid cement grout or mortar, under pressure, is now pumped into the porous-walled bag 22 as before to fill the space 28 around the damaged pile (see FIG. 5), first to expand the bag walls against the tension-resistent body-forming walls of the matrix 26 and distend portions of the bag walls through the meshes of the matrix to limited extent calculated to ooze grout then be removed from the solidified pile repair body or section 29.

In a situation in which a section of a pile, as shown in FIGS. 4 to 7, has to be removed completely, a closed bag like that in FIGS. 1 to 3 may be used in place of the sleeve-like bag of FIGS. 4 to 7, in combination with the matrix 26 of FIG. 4.

The method generally as described above in connection with FIGS. 4 to 7, and 4a, is further amplified in FIGS. 35 and 36 to illustrate use of the porous fabric sleeve and fixed openwork matrix combination, to form a concrete repair section 29a, bonded to the column as before, but with a different, selectively enlarged, shape as shown, for greater strength. Like parts have been given like numerals unless otherwise noted. A metal cage 24a easily may be included to reinforce the added repair section 29a as necessary.

Referring to FIGS. 8 to 11, there is illustrated another modification of the method invention for economically building a unitary concrete wall structure 30, such as an outdoor oil-draining pit for vehicles, or a water-retaining wall, such as a cofferdam.

For making continuous wall 30, as for an oildraining pit, the earth situs E is excavated as necessary to provide a suitable flat, substantially solid surface area S, and series of sturdy uprights or anchor pipes 31,31 are driven into the earth more or less in pairs from the surface S, to extend vertically and rigidly therefrom, and substantially defining the cross-sectional shape and size of the desired continuous wall. Secured to the inner portions of the uprights 31, as by means of tension-re- .sistent tie wires 31a,31a, may be continuous, openwork matrix walls 32,32 in the form of square-mesh wire fencing material, to extend in spaced apart parallel relationship, generally to define a body-forming cavity therebetween for the desired thickness of the wall. For this purpose the resultant mesh wire matrix 33, may be open at the top and extended somewhat higher than the desired height of the wall.

Closed, elongated, porous-walled bags 34,34 are now progressively inserted downwardly one upon another within the continuous space between the mesh wire matrix walls 32, and each bag is progressively expanded in all directions by pumping fluid cement grout into the same to expand the flexible walls thereof into pressureresisting engagement with the opposing said tension-resistent mesh wire walls 32, until opposite sides of the bags bulge through the meshes as described above for FIGS. 1 to 7, and further a relatively small fraction of grout oozes out to coat the bag surfaces. The bags are built up as described, one upon the other, progressively and in overlapping relationship, generally as shown in FIG. 9, as rapidly as possible while the grout in each bag is in pliable condition, to accomplish the aforementioned outward bulging action uniformly against the tensional restraint of the respective opposing matrix walls 32, as well as to accomplish a substantially uniform degree of block-like shaping of the grout-filled bags as the bag build-up progresses.

The tie wires 31a tensionally restrain the spaced matrix walls against possible separation thereof as the bag build-up progresses (see FIGS. 8 and 9). The wall being formed otherwise may be reinforced, where necessary, by occasional inclusion of an elongated porous-walled bag 36, laid and expanded as before, except that it is extended laterally outwardly of one side of the wall to be suitably embedded in earth or other fill material subsequently piled around the wall. For this purpose the outwardly extended end of the solidified wall-anchoring bag 36 may have an enlargement 36a, as shown in FIGS. 9, l0, and 11.

Upon completion of the resultant composite wall, as shown in FIG. 9, the openwork matrix may be removed to provide a solidified, composite wall 30 substantialy as shown in FIGS. 10 and 11. The solidified bags or blocks are effectively bonded to each other by amalgamation of the oozed out grout from the adjacent bag walls, which also serves to make the wall reasonably watertight.

FIG. 12 shows a modified wall structure produced by the method described except that one face thereof is formed directly against an existing concrete wall or other existing structure in the situs.

It is readily apparent that the method invention described above, in the several forms thereof, may be practiced with use of expansible bags which are not porous-walled. With use of porous bags, however, the oozed-out grout forms coatings of hardenable cement which upon solidification bonds the bags to each other and to any other surfaces contacted thereby during the grout-injecting procedure. It is also readily apparent that the method provides a way to make concrete original or repair bodies of various predetermined shapes and sizes or proportions with simple, easy to install forming means, and in a way by which the bodyforming process can be observed through the wire mesh matrix material to control explusion of water through the fabric until a proper water-cement ratio is attained as indicated by the amount of grout oozed through the pores. On the other hand, the use of the expanded porous bag procedure described makes possible the aforesaid continued expansion of the bags through meshes of the openwork matrices, to assure proper controlled extrusion of the grout through the pores of the bag walls for forming the highly effective bonding and protective cement coatings on the outer surfaces of the bag walls especially where the bag walls come into pressure contact with another surface.

Referring now to FIGS. 13 to 18 of the drawings, there is illustrated another form of the invention which has particular utility for economical production of castin-place concrete walls to prevent wave erosion along shores or banks of waterways, regardless of the types of existing earth materials at the situs. FIGS. 13 and 14 illustrate initial steps in this modified method for producing a cast-in-place breakwater B (see FIGS. 17 and 18) along a bank of a lake, which bank has become severely eroded by constant lashing of storm waves.

For this purpose, where a rough, rocky bottom location of the bank 40 presents a problem, such location may first be provided with a solid concrete base 41 which is formed to fill irregularities in the rough bottom, and to have a relatively flat top surface 42, as by use of the porous bag method disclosed in prior U.S. 

2. A method as in claim 1, wherein said openwork material is of wire mesh, and said bag walls are expanded to distend portions thereof substantially uniformly into the meshes of the wire mesh material.
 3. A method as in claim 1, wherein at least one said progressively positioned bag is extended outwardly of the wall body and into the situs as an anchoring tie member for the composite wall body.
 4. A method as in claim 1, wherein said bags are porous-walled and said pressurized fluid cement mortar is oozed through the pores thereof to bond the bags together upon solidification of the mortar in the composite wall body.
 5. A method of molding a cast-in place concrete or like hardened structural body of given predetermined shape and proportions in a subaqueous or other situs, comprising: the steps of forming and fixedly restraining at the situs a self-supportingly rigid, expansion-restraining openwork matrix means defining fixedly restrained body-shaping cavity wall portions of said given shape and proportions in cooperation with a hollow container of flexible, generally porous-walled fabric; filling said container with self-hardenable, fluid, cementitious material under pressure to distend the container walls outwardly of the hollow thereof, against tensional restraint maintained between the container walls and fixedly restrained body-shaping wall portions of the matrix means, and thereby to limit distension of the container walls to said given predetermined shape and proportions corresponding to said fixedly restrained body-shaping cavity wall portions; and allowing the cementitious material to harden within the resultantly shaped container.
 6. A method as in claim 5, wherein said shape-controlling cavity wall portions of the matrix means includes a substantial area of openwork material, having distension-limiting connections with said container walls.
 7. A method as in claim 6, said distension-limiting connections including body-shaping contact of the container walls with said openwork material.
 8. A method of producing a cast-in-place concrete or like hardened structural body of given predetermined shape and proportions in a subaqueous or other situs, comprising: the steps of forming and fixedly restraining at the situs, a self-supportingly rigid expansion-restraining matrix means defining fixed body-shaping cavity walls of said given shape and proportions in cooperation with flexible walled container means within the cavity walls, at least substantial areas of which cavity walls are of fixedly maintained tension-resistant openwork material; supplying fluid self-hardenable cementitious material into the flexible-walled container means under pressure to distend corresponding wall portions of the container means into body-forming conformity with the cavity walls, while maintaining said areas of openwork material tensionally restrained against outward distension thereof from said given shape thereof, and allowing said cementitious material formed by said matrix to harden as a said cast-in-place structural body having shape and proportions substantially as defined by the given shape of said body-shaping cavity walls including exposed portions thereof formed by said areas of openwork material.
 9. A method as in claim 8, wherein expanded wall portions of the container is of porous fabric, and said expansion thereof is continued against the tensional restraint of said openwork material until a relatively small fraction of the fluid grout within the bag means oozes through the porous fabric.
 10. A method as in claim 9, wherein the openings of the openwork material are of mesh size sufficiently large that substantial areas of the distended fabric wall portions project unobstructedly through tHe mesh openings.
 11. A method as in claim 10, including the step of removing said openwork material from said container when the cementitious material therein has hardened.
 12. A method as in claim 11, wherein said container means includes a plurality of closed, porous-walled bags progressively grout-expanded and solidified one upon the other within said cavity of the matrix, and bonded together by hardened oozed-out grout from adjacent bag walls.
 13. A method as in claim 8, wherein said container means includes a plurality of closed bags progressively grout-expanded, shaped and solidified one upon the other with said cavity of the matrix and removing the matrix from the resultant solidified structural body.
 14. A method as in claim 8, including the step of removing the matrix from the resultant solidified structural body.
 15. A method of producing a cast-in-place rigid body on a supporting column or like rigid structure at a subaqueous or other situs, comprising: the steps of forming and fixedly restraining at the situs, a matrix of tension-resisting openwork material, about the structure to define a fixed body-forming cavity wall of given body-forming shape between spaced portions of the structure; maintaining expansible bag means of porous fabric within said matrix cavity; supplying fluid self-hardenable cementitious material into said bag means under pressure to distend the fabric walls of the bag means into conformity with said given body-forming shape of said matrix cavity wall while maintaining said matrix tensionally restrained to maintain said body-forming shape, thereby to fill said matrix cavity with cementitious material; and allowing said cementitious material within said cavity of the tensionally restrained matrix to harden in said given body-forming shape as a part of said rigid structure.
 16. A method of producing a cast-in-place rigid body between spaced parts of an existing rigid structure, comprising: the steps of forming and fixedly restraining a matrix means of tension-restraining openwork material about the rigid structure to define in said matrix means a closed, fixedly maintained body-forming cavity wall of given shape; maintaining expansible-walled bag means of porous fabric within said fixedly maintained matrix cavity wall with opposite ends of the bag means fluid-sealed against spaced portions on the rigid structure; pumping self-hardenable fluid cement mortar into said bag means under pressure to distend the fabric walls into conformity with the shape of said matrix cavity wall against tensional restraint maintained between the fabric walls and said openwork material, while maintaining said matrix means tensionally restrained to maintain said body forming shape, thereby to fill said cavity with said fluid mortar; and allowing said shaped mortar within said cavity of said tensionally restrained matrix to harden on said rigid structure as a part thereof.
 17. A method of producing in a subaqueous or other situs, a rigid body on a supporting or like existing rigid structure having a central axis, comprising: the steps of forming and fixedly restraining a cage-like frame of tension-resisting openwork material about the rigid structure to define a fixedly maintained body-forming cavity wall of given shape and disposition about an axial extent of the structure; maintaining a sleeve-like casing of porous fabric about the axial extent within said cavity wall and with opposite ends of the sleeve maintained in fluid-containing relationship to axially spaced points of the rigid structure; pumping fluid self-hardenable cementitious material into said casing under pressure to distend the fabric wall thereof radially outwardly of said axial extent of the existing rigid structure and into body-forming conformity with the given shape of said fixedly maintained cavity wall, while maintaining the frame tensionally restrained to resist said expansion of the fabric wall and maintain said body-forming shape; and allowing said cementitious material within said cavity wall to harden as a rigid body of said given shape on said rigid structure.
 18. A method for producing a cast-in-place body of given shape and size on a surface of a subaqueous or other situs, comprising: the steps of forming and fixedly restraining at the situs at least one upright self-supportingly rigid tension restraining openwork matrix means of substantial broad lateral area and given body-forming shape, maintaining a flexible walled bag-like container in association with the matrix means for predetermined limited distension with respect thereto to said given shape and size, feeding self-hardenable, fluid cementitious material into the container under pressure to distend the walls thereof into conformity with the given body-forming shape of said matrix means against tensional restraint maintained between said container and said openwork material, while maintaining said matrix means tensionally restrained to maintain said body-forming shape, and form a body of said given shape and size; and allowing said cementitious material within the container to harden as a said cast-in-place structural body.
 19. A method as in claim 18, wherein said fluid material is hydraulic cement mortar and said container is of generally porous-walled fabric, and wherein feeding of said fluid material into the container is controlled to allow a small amount thereof to ooze through pores of the fabric.
 20. A method as in claim 18, said matrix means being maintained upright at the situs, and said container being maintained suspended in association therewith.
 21. A method of producing a cast-in-place walled structural body in a subaqueous or other situs, comprising: the steps of forming and fixedly restraining at the situs, matrix means including opposing walls defining a wall-forming cavity of given wall shape and size, having at least one substantially broad lateral extent of the matrix wall of tension-resistant openwork material; suspending within said cavity, flexible-walled bag means adapted to have corresponding shape and size; fixedly maintaining said at least one extent of openwork material tensionally restrained, while progressively supplying self-hardenable, fluid cementitious material into said bag means under pressure to distend corresponding portions of the bag walls into wall-shaping conformity with the given wall shape and size of the matrix means and into the openings of said at least one extent of openwork material thereof, against tensional restraint maintained between said bag means and said openwork material, and while maintaining said matrix means tensionally restrained to maintain said body-forming shape; and allowing said fluid material within said expanded bags in said matrix means progressively to harden as a wall-like structural body substantially as defined by the shape of the wall-forming cavity, including exposed wall portions formed by said openwork material.
 22. A method as in claim 21, said bag means being of generally porous-walled fabric, adapted to allow relatively small quantities of said fluid material to ooze through pores of the fabric.
 23. A method as in claim 22, wherein said opposing matrix walls are maintained fixedly upright for producing a correspondingly upright wall body.
 24. A method of producing a cast-in-place seawall or other walled structure of hardened cementitious material in situ, comprising: the steps of forming and fixedly restraining at the situs, a matrix means having spaced closure wall means extending upright from a supporting surface of the situs, and defining at least one body-forming cavity of given shape, size and configuration, at least a substantial area of said matrix closure wall means for said at least one cavity being of tension-resistant openwork material; suspending a flexible-walled bag-like container of porous fabric within said at least one cavity, between said spaced closure wall means of said matrix means thereof; feeding self-hardenable cementitious material into said flexible-walled container under pressure to expand wall portions thereof into body-forming conformity with said matrix closure wall means therefor, while maintaining said area of openwork material tensionally restrained against outward distension beyond given body-forming shape thereof, and allowing said cementitious material within the container to harden as a said cast-in-place structural body having shape, size, and configuration substantially as defined by the given shape of said body-forming cavity including exposed portions thereof formed by said area of openwork material.
 25. A method of producing in a subaqueous, subterranean, or other situs, a rigid encasement about an existing rigid structure of given predetermined shape and proportions and having a central axis, comprising: the steps of forming and fixedly restraining at the situs a matrix frame defining fixedly restrained body-shaping cavity wall portions of said given shape and proportions in tension-restraining connection with a casing of generally porous-walled fabric enclosing a substantial axial extent of said structure to define a closed cavity of corresponding extent about the same; supplying fluid self-hardenable cementitious material into said casing uner pressure to distend the casing walls radially outwardly of said axial extent of the existing structure to given shape, size, and extent determined by limits of said tension-restraining connection of the casing with said body-shaping cavity wall portions of the matrix frame; and allowing said cementitious material within the distended casing to harden as a rigid encasing body of said given shape, size, and extent on said structure.
 26. A method as in claim 25, said fabric casing being outwardly of said matrix frame, and said tension-restraining connection including a plurality of tie-elements between the fabric casing and the frame.
 27. A method as in claim 25, said matrix means including a peripheral wall of openwork sheet material in said tension-restraining connection with said frame, and said casing being outwardly distended to said given shape, size, and extent against said peripheral wall.
 28. A method of producing a cast-in-place wall-like structural body of given predetermined shape and proportions in a subaqueous or other situs, comprising: the steps of forming and fixedly restraining at the situs an upright, broad lateral extent of self-supportingly rigid, expansion-restraining openwork material defining fixedly restrained body-shaping cavity wall portions of said given shape and proportions in cooperation with a flexible-walled container, having transversely spaced flexible walls of coextending like broad lateral extent; filling said container with fluid, self-hardenable cementitious material under pressure to encompass said openwork material and distend said flexible walls oppositely outward to predetermined, extent against tensional restraint between said body-shaping wall portions of said openwork material, and thereby to limit distension of the container walls to said given predetermined shape and proportions corresponding to said fixedly restrained, body-shaping cavity wall portions; and allowing said fluid material to harden within the distended container walls as a rigid upright body.
 29. A method as in claim 28, wherein said extent of openwork material is maintained arcuate to form a cast-in-place arcuate said rigid body.
 30. A methd as in claim 29, wherein said arcuate body is formed while maintaining said openwork extent affixed in arcuate form between rigid uprights anchored in the earth of the situs.
 31. A method as in claim 30, wherein a plurality of said arcuate bodies are progressively so produced, one below the other, in space provided in the situs below each hardened cast-in-place rigid body.
 32. A method as in claim 28, wherin a plurality of said upright rigid bodies are so produced, one below the other in an earth situs, while maintaining successive said openwork extents between rigid uprights anchored in the earth of the situs, in Space excavated beneath each hardened body.
 33. A method of producing a cast-in-place wall-like structural body of given predetermined shape and proportions in a subaqueous or other situs, comprising: the steps of forming and fixedly restraining at the situs an arcuate, broad lateral extent of self-supportingly rigid, expansion-restraining openwork material defining fixedly restrained body-shaping cavity wall portions of said given shape and proportions in cooperation with a flexible-walled container, having transversely spaced flexible walls of coextending like broad lateral extent; filling said container with fluid, self-hardenable cementitious material under pressure to encompass said openwork material and distend said flexible walls oppositely outward to predetermined, arcuate extent against tensional restraint between said body-shaping wall portions of said openwork material, and thereby to limit distension of the container walls to said given predetermined shape and proportions corresponding to said fixedly restrained, body-shaping cavity wall portions; and allowing said fluid material to harden within the distended container walls as a rigid arcuate body. 